Fumaric acid has been used as a food acidulant since 1946. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU,^[3] USA^[4] and Australia and New Zealand.^[5] As a food additive, it is used as an acidity regulator and can be denoted by the E number E297. It is generally used in beverages and baking powders for which requirements are placed on purity. Fumaric acid is used in the making of wheat tortillas as a food preservative and as the acid in leavening.^[6] It is generally used as a substitute for tartaric acid and occasionally in place of citric acid, at a rate of 1 g of fumaric acid to every ~1.5 g of citric acid, in order to add sourness, similarly to the way malic acid is used. As well as being a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as “Salt and Vinegar” flavored potato chips,^[7] it is also used as a coagulant in stove-top pudding mixes.